Introduction of What is Required at a Kitchen Hand Wash Sink
Proper handwashing is absolutely vital for kitchen safety and sanitation. Kitchen staff handle food all day, so having clean hands is crucial. Handwashing sinks provide an accessible and effective way for staff to wash up and prevent the spread of germs. But what exactly is required at these critical sinks? From setup to supplies to maintenance, certain elements are necessary to optimize this equipment.
In this article, we’ll explore everything needed at kitchen handwashing sinks. We’ll look at sink types, requirements for fixtures and features, recommendations for additional items, maintenance needs, training for employees, and more. With the right sink setup and protocols, your kitchen can foster better hand hygiene. Hand Wash sink
The Purpose and Importance of Handwashing in Kitchens
Foodborne illness is a dangerous threat, resulting in 48 million cases per year in the US alone. Much of this is preventable with proper food safety practices. Handwashing is the most basic yet effective way to prevent the spread of germs to food.
Kitchen staff handle raw ingredients like meat, poultry, and eggs. These items can contain Salmonella, E. coli, and other pathogens. If hands aren’t washed after touching them, these germs can be passed along to ready-to-eat foods. Likewise, hands can pick up germs from touching dirty surfaces, taking out trash, or other tasks.
Washing with soap and water removes pathogens through the physical friction of scrubbing and the chemical action of the soap. This prevents cross-contamination to food, equipment, and other staff. Frequent handwashing is a critical food safety defense in kitchens.
Many foodborne illnesses originate in commercial kitchens. Proper hand hygiene from food handlers is essential. But just having handwashing sinks available doesn’t guarantee their optimal use. The setup, supplies, and maintenance must all enable and encourage effective hand cleaning.
Types of Handwashing Sinks
Kitchens utilize two main types of sinks – commercial and residential. Commercial sinks are specially designed for high use in restaurants, caterers, cafeterias, and other food service businesses. Residential sinks are more typical of what you’d have at home. Here’s how they compare:
Commercial Sinks
These sinks are made of sturdy stainless steel for durability with frequent use. They have a large basin size and depth to accommodate heavy use. The faucets are also designed for high volume, with spring-loaded taps for hands-free use. This helps staff easily wash hands repeatedly.
Commercial sinks meet standards of the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF), ADA, and local codes. They come in wall-mounted or countertop options. Most feature pre-drilled holes for adding soap, towel, and other dispensers and attachments.
Residential Sinks
Home-style sinks are often used in small food businesses like bakeries or cafes. Materials like porcelain or enameled steel are more common. These sinks aren’t designed for heavy repeated use. The basin and depth tend to be smaller than commercial sinks. Faucets typically have manual knobs rather than hands-free operation.
While residential sinks are less expensive, they don’t hold up as well to constant handwashing. The lack of NSF certification also means they may not meet health codes for all food businesses.
Sink Placement
Proper placement of handwashing sinks is key. They must be readily accessible for staff to easily wash hands anytime needed.
In commercial kitchens, sinks should be positioned:
- In food prep and cooking areas
- Near dishwashing stations
- Convenient to work tables and high use equipment
- Accessible from wait stations for wiping hands
Outside restrooms for handwashing after using toilet
Having multiple properly located sinks eliminates any excuse for not washing hands. It also allows several staff to wash hands simultaneously when needed, like during shift changes. Portable sinks are useful for supplementing workspaces that need a readily available option.
In home or small kitchens, the sink can multitask for washing hands and produce/dishes. But it should still be placed close to work areas for easy access.
Sink Size
Handwashing sinks should be large enough to allow thorough hand cleaning. For commercial sinks, the basin size is often 20″W x 16″D or larger. This allows room to rub hands together and rinse off soap. The depth is typically 6-8″ to contain splashing.
Smaller residential sinks require users to wash hands sequentially. Commercial sinks should be sized for at least two adults to wash hands simultaneously. This is especially key where staff must wash frequently, like before and after handling foods.
ADA standards also require minimum clearance of 29″ between the floor and sink bottom for accessibility. Wall-mounted sinks should have the rim no higher than 34″.
Sink Materials
Stainless steel is the most common and recommended material for commercial handwashing sinks. Benefits include:
- Durable and dent-resistant for high use
- Withstands exposure to hot water, strong cleaners, and sanitizers
- Non-porous surface inhibits microbial growth
- Easy to clean and sanitize
- Looks neat and professional
Other options like enameled cast iron, solid surface, or ceramic sinks may chip or degrade over time. Porous surfaces collect more germs if not properly sanitized. For home or light use, these materials are often sufficient. But heavy-duty stainless steel is best for commercial kitchens.
Required Sink Features
Proper setup of the sink and surrounding area is crucial. Here are key requirements:
Hot and Cold Running Water
Warm water is necessary to effectively wash hands. Temperatures between 100-120°F dissolve soap, loosen dirt, and kill more germs. Water up to 180°F may be necessary for sanitizing, but it’s too hot for handwashing.
The sink should provide hot and cold water as needed. The hot water heater should be sized appropriately to meet demands during peak use. Mixer taps help balance the temperature as needed.
Soap and Paper Towel Dispensers
Convenient access to soap and towels is essential. Soap dispensers should be placed near the sink for easy use during handwashing. Disposable paper towels are required for proper drying and turned off taps.
Install dispensers to avoid contamination between hands and the dispenser nozzle. Elbow-operated dispensers are ideal. Dispensers should also have a way to indicate when refilling is needed.
Types of soap include:
- Liquid – Most common type, should contain antibacterial ingredients
- Foam – Pre-lathered for easy dispensing
- Bar – Not recommended due to high contamination potential
Hand Drying Options
Thorough drying is key to remove lingering germs and moisture. Paper towels are required in food service for hand hygiene. They offer a fresh, disposable surface for each user. Other options like cloth towels or air dryers simply move pathogens around.
Proper Technique Signage
Post signs or infographics above sinks showing proper handwashing steps. This provides a quick reminder and trains new staff. Signs should illustrate:
- Using soap and scrubbing for 20 seconds
- Cleaning wrists, under nails, between fingers
- Rinsing off all soap
- Drying hands with disposable towel
- Turning off taps with towel
Garbage Can
A small trash can should be placed near the sink to dispose of used towels. Cans should have a removable liner and tight-fitted lid. No-touch openings are ideal to prevent recontamination of clean hands.
Proper Drainage
Kitchen sinks must connect to an approved sewer system. Indirect connections using air gaps prevent backflow of sewer water into the sink. A floor drain below the sink is useful for catching overflows.
ADA Compliance
For commercial facilities, handwashing stations must meet ADA standards for accessibility. As noted earlier, sink height and clearance are important. Faucets and soap dispensers also must be operable with one hand and not require tight grasping.
Local Health Department Regulations
In addition to ADA compliance, kitchen sinks must adhere to state and local health codes. These cover details like hot water supply, filtration requirements, backflow prevention, and construction. Involve health inspectors early to ensure your handwashing stations meet all regulations.
Additional Recommended Items
Beyond the basics, several other items can optimize kitchen sinks:
Hand Sanitizer Dispenser
While handwashing is ideal, adding hand sanitizer provides a quick option for times when sinks aren’t accessible. Use it as a temporary measure only until hands can be fully washed.
Glove Dispenser
Position glove boxes near sinks for easy accessibility before food handling. Encourage proper practices for glove use, like washing hands before donning gloves.
Splash Guards
Attach backsplashes or side shields to prevent water splashing on floors or walls. This helps contain mess near the sink area.
Extra Sink
Having a sink stationed right in food prep areas makes quick handwashing even easier. While not required, a supplemental sink is great for busy zones.
Maintenance Needs
Like any piece of kitchen equipment, handwashing sinks require regular care and maintenance:
Cleaning and Sanitizing Schedule
All sinks need daily cleaning to remove grime plus regular sanitizing. Scour sinks thoroughly with a cleaning solution, then rinse. Sanitize using a commercial disinfectant or bleach solution on all surfaces. This kills lingering pathogens that cleaning may not remove.
Develop a schedule for who cleans sinks and when. Logging ensures it’s completed regularly. Visually inspect sinks during cleaning to spot potential issues.
Equipment Checks and Repairs
Routinely check faucets, dispensers, and plumbing for problems. Dripping taps or low water pressure can discourage handwashing. Repair or replace any malfunctioning equipment. Anticipate repairs like gasket wear, mineral buildup, and trap leaks.
Clogged Drains
Food debris or other solids can gradually block drains, leading to slow draining. Remove drain covers and use a plunger or drain snake monthly to clear clogs. For stubborn obstructions, disassemble piping beneath to clean out debris. Prevent future issues by minimizing food waste down sinks.
Leaks
Check under sinks routinely for any drips or water damage to cabinets. Worn washers may need replacing in faucets or leaks fixed in supply lines. Leaks indicate a potential problem and promote mold if not fixed.
Water Temperature
Measure water temperature at least weekly to ensure the hot water supply stays between 100-120°F. Fluctuations may require tank service or adjusting thermostat settings. Post protocols for staff to report any temperature issues promptly.
Soap and Paper Towel Supply
Refill soap and paper towel dispensers frequently to avoid shortages. Staff are less inclined to wash hands without ample supplies. Create a designated person to check dispensers daily.
Proper Employee Training
Even the most well-designed sink setup only works if used properly. Employee training is crucial to reinforce good hand hygiene. All kitchen staff should receive handwashing education:
Proper Handwashing Technique
Show staff the proper way to wash hands at sinks:
- Use soap and warm running water
- Scrub for at least 20 seconds, covering all surfaces of hands and fingers
- Dry completely with a paper towel
- Use towel to turn off faucet and open door when exiting
- When Hands Should Be Washed
Reinforce key times hands must be washed, like:
- Before starting work
- After touching raw foods
- Between handling different foods
- Before putting on gloves
- After eating, drinking, or smoking
- After using restroom
- After emptying trash
- After touching face, hair, dirty surfaces
- Anytime hands become contaminated
Glove Use
Educate staff that gloves do not replace handwashing. Hands should be washed before putting on gloves and after removing them. Gloves should be changed frequently as when hands would be washed.
Reporting Issues
Instruct staff to promptly report any issues with sinks like low water pressure, leaks, missing soap, etc. This allows quick repair to maintain functionality.
By training employees on proper sink protocols, you reinforce good habits. Refresh handwashing training regularly to prevent lapsing.
Conclusion
Well-designed and properly stocked handwashing sinks are vital in kitchens. But simply having a sink isn’t enough – several key elements bring functionality and compliance:
- Commercial grade sinks and fixtures
- Convenient placement for access
- Adequate hot water supply
- Soap and paper towel dispensers
- Signage for techniques
- Garbage can for disposal
- ADA and health code compliant
- Regular cleaning and repairs
Proper training and technique reinforce good hand hygiene habits among staff. When set up and maintained correctly, handwashing sinks greatly reduce foodborne illness risks. Investing in robust stations motivates staff compliance and helps prevent contamination events.
With some forethought on optimal sink requirements and protocols, your kitchen can operate cleanly and safely. Protect public health by making proper handwashing sinks a top priority.